Disability Studies is an interdisciplinary field that emerged prominently in the 1980s, challenging traditional medical and charity-based understandings of disability. Instead of viewing disability merely as an individual problem to be fixed, the field emphasizes the social, political, cultural, and historical dimensions that construct and define disability. Influenced by civil rights movements, feminist theory, queer theory, and postcolonial thought, Disability Studies interrogates how societies marginalize and stigmatize individuals with physical, sensory, intellectual, or mental differences.

In the context of literary and cultural studies, Disability Studies reexamines texts, media, and historical documents to uncover representations of disability and their role in shaping societal norms around ability and normalcy. The UGC NET English syllabus increasingly reflects these concerns, and understanding Disability Studies is essential for engaging with contemporary theory and criticism.

Key Authors and Works in Disability Studies

Foundational Theorists

Lennard J. Davis — A literary and cultural critic who helped institutionalize Disability Studies in academia. He is a professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago. His concept of "normalcy" critiques how literature and culture construct disability through deviation.

• Enforcing Normalcy: Disability, Deafness, and the Body (1995)
• Bending Over Backwards: Disability, Dismodernism and Other Difficult Positions (2002)

David T. Mitchell and Sharon L. Snyder — Scholars of disability narrative. They developed the idea of "narrative prosthesis," showing how disability is used as a metaphorical device in literature and film. Both have worked extensively on disability in bioethics and postcolonial contexts.

• Narrative Prosthesis: Disability and the Dependencies of Discourse (2000)
• Cultural Locations of Disability (2006)

Tobin Siebers — A theorist who advocated for the integration of disability into aesthetic and political theory. A professor at the University of Michigan, he emphasized embodiment and realism in critical discourse.

• Disability Theory (2008)
• Disability Aesthetics (2010)

Rosemarie Garland-Thomson — A feminist scholar whose work explores the visual and narrative portrayal of disabled women. She is affiliated with Emory University and helped found the field of feminist disability studies.

• Extraordinary Bodies (1997)
• Staring: How We Look (2009)

Robert McRuer — A leading voice in combining queer theory with disability studies. He is a professor at George Washington University and coined the term “Crip Theory.”

• Crip Theory: Cultural Signs of Queerness and Disability (2006)
• Sex and Disability (2012, editor)

Critical Anthologies and Collections

• Disability Studies: Enabling the Humanities (2002) — Edited by Sharon Snyder, Brenda Jo Brueggemann, and Rosemarie Garland-Thomson. Offers interdisciplinary essays on disability and the arts.
• The Disability Studies Reader — Edited by Lennard J. Davis. A standard textbook that includes a range of foundational and emerging scholarship in the field.
• Feminist Disability Studies (2011) — Edited by Kim Q. Hall. Explores how feminist theories can expand disability discourses on embodiment, sexuality, and agency.

Intersectional Approaches

Christopher Bell — An African American disability scholar who criticized the field for its lack of racial inclusivity. He helped introduce Black Disability Studies.

• Blackness and Disability (2011)

Fiona Kumari Campbell — A Sri Lankan-Australian scholar focusing on critical ableism studies. Her work dissects the structural power behind what is considered "abled."

• Contours of Ableism (2009)

A.J. Withers — A Canadian activist-scholar who critiques mainstream disability discourse from a trans and anti-capitalist perspective.

• Disability Politics and Theory (2012)

Sami Schalk — A Black feminist scholar who studies race, disability, and speculative fiction. Her work centers on African American women’s literature.

• Bodyminds Reimagined (2018)

Theoretical and Model-Based Approaches

Tom Shakespeare — A British sociologist and bioethicist who critiques both the medical and simplistic social models. His work argues for a more complex, biopsychosocial model.

• Disability Rights and Wrongs (2006)

Carol Thomas — A British sociologist who extended the social model into a "social relational model" highlighting emotional and relational barriers.

• Female Forms (1999)

Mike Oliver — The originator of the Social Model of Disability, which shifts focus from individual impairments to societal barriers.

• The Politics of Disablement (1990)

Literary and Cultural Disability Studies

Michael Bérubé — American scholar and advocate whose personal narrative work blends memoir and academic reflection on intellectual disability.

• Life As We Know It (1996)

Michael Davidson — Focuses on disability in modern and postmodern poetry, particularly around aesthetics and the body.

• Concerto for the Left Hand (2008)

Helen Deutsch — A scholar who investigates bodily difference in 18th-century British literature and culture.

• Defects: Engendering the Modern Body (2000, co-editor)

Carrie Sandahl — A scholar in performance studies who explored autobiographical performance by disabled artists and coined the term "cripping the queer."

• Queering the Crip or Cripping the Queer? (2003, article)

Narrative Writers in Disability Studies

International Writers

Madeleine Ryan
Notable Work: A Room Called Earth
Disability Focus: Autism / Neurodivergence
A deep, sensory narrative from an autistic woman's perspective challenging neurotypical norms.

Padma Venkatraman
Notable Work: A Time to Dance
Disability Focus: Amputation
A story of spiritual awakening and artistic passion through Bharatanatyam after a life-altering disability.

Won-pyung Sohn
Notable Work: Almond
Disability Focus: Alexithymia
Explores emotional detachment and neurodiversity in a young boy growing up with a rare emotional disorder.

Gabrielle Zevin
Notable Work: Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow
Disability Focus: Chronic pain / Limb difference
Addresses creativity, friendship, and trauma through subtle and rich representations of disability.

Jean-Dominique Bauby
Notable Work: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly
Disability Focus: Locked-in syndrome
A powerful memoir written through blinking; a testament to consciousness and will.

Lucy Grealy
Notable Work: Autobiography of a Face
Disability Focus: Facial disfigurement
A poetic account of childhood cancer and its impact on identity and beauty standards.

Temple Grandin
Notable Work: Thinking in Pictures
Disability Focus: Autism
Grandin's scientific insight as an autistic thinker revolutionized perspectives on neurodiversity.

Esmé Weijun Wang
Notable Work: The Collected Schizophrenias
Disability Focus: Schizoaffective disorder
Essays blending memoir, science, and philosophy about living with mental illness.

Riva Lehrer
Notable Work: Golem Girl
Disability Focus: Spina bifida
Combines visual art and narrative to explore disability pride and bodily representation.

Eli Clare
Notable Works: Exile and Pride, Brilliant Imperfection
Disability Focus: Cerebral palsy / Queer identity
Crip theory meets ecological, trans, and political activism in lyrical prose.

Indian and South Asian Writers

Shilpaa Anand
Writes on literary and visual representation of disability in Indian context with critical and cultural insight.

Anita Ghai
Known for blending personal narrative with academic disability theory. Her writing addresses gender, body, and autonomy.

Sruti Disability Rights Centre (Anthology Contributors)
Publishes fictional and nonfictional disability narratives in the Indian context through anthologies and lived accounts.

Naseema Hurzuk
Notable Work: Wheelchair Warrior
An inspiring autobiography chronicling her journey from paralysis to activism.

Shivani Gupta
Disability activist and author who writes on accessibility and inclusive travel with lived experience of disability.

Useful Anthologies for UGC NET

Disability Studies: Enabling the Humanities – Snyder, Brueggemann, Garland-Thomson

The Disability Studies Reader – Lennard J. Davis

Feminist Disability Studies – Kim Q. Hall

A Reader on Disability Studies in India – Edited by Nilika Mehrotra

Interrogating Disability in India – Edited by Nandini Ghosh